Why did the [Roman] Empire come into existence at all, and why, having come into existence, did it perish?... Surely the character of the Roman played as great a part in the rise of the Empire as his character played in the fall?... to me the outstanding and peculiar strength of the Roman character lies in the words pietas and gravitas. These were the foundations of a patriotism which alone could carry the burden of Empire, a patriotism innate, a motive force of incalculable power, yet something at its best so holy that it was never paraded, sought no reward, was taken for granted, and had no single word to express it.