I distinguish two kinds of "applied" research: problem-solving research - government or commercially initiated, centrally managed and institutionally coupled to a plan for application of the results, useful science - investigator-initiated, competitively evaluated and widely communicated. Then we have basic science - useful also, also investigator-initiated, competitively evaluated and widely communicated. (Lewis M. Branscomb)

I distinguish two kinds of "applied" research: problem-solving research - government or commercially initiated, centrally managed and institutionally coupled to a plan for application of the results, useful science - investigator-initiated, competitively evaluated and widely communicated. Then we have basic science - useful also, also investigator-initiated, competitively evaluated and widely communicated.

Lewis M. Branscomb

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application basic government plan research science

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