Beating the market is a zero-sum game for investors. Money managers, as a group, must provide the market return... But that return comes only before their exorbitant fees, operating expenses, and portfolio turnover costs are deducted. The zero-sum game before costs becomes a loser's game after costs. (John Bogle)

Beating the market is a zero-sum game for investors. Money managers, as a group, must provide the market return... But that return comes only before their exorbitant fees, operating expenses, and portfolio turnover costs are deducted. The zero-sum game before costs becomes a loser's game after costs.

John Bogle

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beating comes game group market money portfolio return turnover costs

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